Nhanganyaya:
Lithium mabhatiriyave chikamu chakakosha chehupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva, ichipa simba zvese kubva kumafoni uye malaptops kuenda kumotokari dzemagetsi uye anovandudzwa ekuchengetedza simba masisitimu. Nhoroondo yemabhatiri e-lithium rwendo runonakidza runotora makumi emakore akati wandei, rwakaratidzwa nekufambira mberi kwakakosha muhunyanzvi uye hunyanzvi. Kubva pamavambo akazvininipisa kusvika pachinzvimbo chavo chekutungamira magetsi ekuchengetedza magetsi, mabhatiri e-lithium akachinja mashandisiro atinoita nekuchengetedza magetsi.
Kugadzirwa kwemabhatiri e lithium
Nyaya yelithium mabhatiriyakatanga kumakore ekuma1970, apo vaongorori vakatanga kuongorora kugona kwelithium sechinhu chakakosha mumabhatiri anogona kuchajwa. Pakanga pari panguva iyi masayendisiti akawana yakasarudzika zvivakwa zvelithium, kusanganisira simba rayo repamusoro uye huremu hwehunhu, zvichiita kuti ive yakanaka kune inotakurika zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Kuwanikwa uku kwakaisa hwaro hwekuvandudzwa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion, ayo acharamba achitonga musika wemagetsi evatengi kwemakore anotevera.
Muna 1979, Oxford University chemist John Goodenough nechikwata chake vakaita budiriro uye vakagadzira yekutanga lithium-ion bhatiri rechargeable. Iri basa rekutanga rakaisa hwaro hwekutengesa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion, ayo ari kukurumidza kuwana mukurumbira nekuda kwekushanda kwawo kwepamusoro uye hupenyu hwesevhisi hurefu kana zvichienzaniswa nemabhatiri e-lead-acid uye nickel-cadmium echinyakare.
Muma1980 nema1990s, kutsvagisa kukuru uye kuedza kwekusimudzira kwakanangana nekuvandudza mashandiro uye kuchengetedzeka kwemabhatiri e lithium. Rimwe rematambudziko akakosha nderekutsvaga yakagadzikana electrolyte inokwanisa kumira lithium yakakwira simba density pasina kukanganisa kuchengetedza. Izvi zvakakonzera kugadzirwa kweakasiyana emagetsi ekugadzirisa uye mabhatiri manejimendi masisitimu ayo anovandudza zvakanyanya kuvimbika uye kuchengetedzeka kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion.
Kubudirira kwe lithium mabhatiri
Muma1980 nema1990s, kutsvagisa kukuru uye kuedza kwekusimudzira kwakanangana nekuvandudza mashandiro uye kuchengetedzeka kwemabhatiri e lithium. Rimwe rematambudziko akakosha nderekutsvaga yakagadzikana electrolyte inokwanisa kumira lithium yakakwira simba density pasina kukanganisa kuchengetedza. Izvi zvakakonzera kugadzirwa kweakasiyana emagetsi ekugadzirisa uye mabhatiri manejimendi masisitimu ayo anovandudza zvakanyanya kuvimbika uye kuchengetedzeka kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion.
Kutanga kwe2000s kwakaratidza shanduko yemabhatiri e-lithium, nekufambira mberi mune nanotechnology uye zvinhu zvesainzi zvichikurudzira kuvandudzwa kwelithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) uye lithium polymer mabhatiri. Aya mabhatiri machemistries matsva anopa huwandu hwesimba repamusoro, kukurumidza kuchaja kugona uye nekuwedzera kuchengetedza maficha, zvichiwedzera kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemabhatiri e-lithium muzvikamu zvemotokari, aerospace uye simba rinogoneka.
Remangwana remabhatiri e lithium
Kugamuchirwa kwakapararira kwemotokari dzemagetsi (EVs) uye kukura kuri kuda kwemhinduro dzekuchengetedza simba kwakafambisa kuvandudzwa kwekuita kwepamusoro.lithium mabhatiri. Mumakore achangopfuura, kufambira mberi kukuru mutekinoroji yebhatiri senge akasimba electrolytes uye silicon anode zvakawedzera kuvandudza simba remagetsi uye kutenderera hupenyu hwemabhatiri e lithium, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo inogoneka yekuchengetedza yakakura-mwero simba uye kugadzikana kwegidhi.
Nhoroondo yemabhatiri e-lithium inoratidza kutsvagisa kusingaregi kwehunyanzvi uye simba rekushandura tekinoroji. Nhasi, mabhatiri e-lithium ibwe repakona rekuchinja kwesimba rakachena, zvichiita kuti kupararira kugamuchirwe kwemotokari dzemagetsi uye kubatanidza simba remagetsi. Sezvo nyika ichitsvaga kudzikisira kutsamira pamafuta efossil uye kurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, mabhatiri e lithium achaita basa rakakosha mukuumba remangwana rakagadzikana uye rakaderera-kabhoni.
Mhedziso
Kupfupisa, nhoroondo yebudiriro yelithium mabhatirirwendo runoshamisa rwekuwanikwa kwesainzi, hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza tekinoroji, uye shanduko yemaindasitiri. Kubva pamazuva avo ekutanga sekuda kuziva kwemurabhoritari kusvika pachimiro chavo chazvino semhinduro dzekuchengetedza simba, lithium mabhatiri auya kure mukusimbisa nyika yanhasi. Sezvo isu tichienderera mberi nekuvhura kugona kwakazara kwemabhatiri e-lithium, isu tichaunza nguva itsva yekuchena, yakavimbika uye inochengetedza simba rekuchengetedza iyo inoumba ramangwana repasi redu.
Kana uine chero mibvunzo kana uchida kudzidza zvakawanda, ndapota usazezasvika kwatiri.
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Nguva yekutumira: Aug-19-2024